Ryan, John

John Ryan was convicted in November 1994 of conspiracy to supply a Class A drug (heroin) and received a sentence of seven years’ imprisonment.

The CCRC received an application for review of the conviction in February 2003.

The prosecution had resulted from a “controlled delivery” (CD) operation. In these operations, HMCE targeted importers of heroin to the UK by using Pakistani informants who participated in the offences as couriers.

In this case, a “participating informant” (PI) worked with HMCE and took part in the operation.

The CCRC considered that in terms of its CD operations from Pakistan to the UK, HMCE acted in a way which was not conducive to maintaining the integrity of the criminal justice system.

From their inception in the 1980s, the operations were structured and conducted in such a way that, particularly having regard to the apparent lack of control exercised over informants, the risk of informants manipulating the system was real and identifiable.

Some informants were actively engaging in planning and committing crimes and were playing more than a minor role (in some cases with the knowledge and/or assistance of HMCE officers).

Consequently, HMCE’s operations had the effect of creating and sustaining heroin related crime.

In this case, the CCRC identified a number of “anomalies” in the operation including HMCE’s extensive use of the PI and concerns about the activities and credibility of the PI.

Following review, the CCRC concluded that there was a real possibility the Court of Appeal would find Mr Ryan’s conviction unsafe on the grounds of abuse of process.

The CCRC referred the conviction in July 2006.

The Court of Appeal upheld the conviction in May 2007.